Electromagnet.



L. n. Monms.

E'LECTROMAGN'ET.

, APPLICATION FILED SEPT- n.191?. 1,282,276. y Patented 00t.22,1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Q0 Iii/g1 'f' mi@ LEONARD D. MORRIS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

ELECTROMAGNET.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented oet. 22, 1918.

Application mea september 17, 1917. serial No. 191,855.

To all fw/wm itmag/ concern.' n

Be it known that I, LEONARD D. MonRIS, acitizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electromagnets, of which the followin is a specification.

My invention re ates to electromagnets andhas for its object the provision of an improved electro-magnet wherein the armature may be moved in substantial parallelism with the adjacent face of the magnet core and may be kept out of actual sliding contact with the core.

Another object is the provision of an im- .proved electro-magnet, the armature of which shall be adjustable with res ect to the magnet, whereby the force applic to the armature. and the speed of itsmovement may be varied.

A. further object is the provision of improved means to prevent trembling of the armature during energization of the magnet.

A further object is the provision of improved means'fo'r giving theparmature and its load a normal bias in any desired direction.

Other objects and advantages ofthe invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accom anyingv drawings which form a vpart of 'this' specification and illustrate the preferred embodiment of they invention.

In the drawings, Figure '1 lis aside elevation of the invention showing it positioned in the wind-chest of a pipe organ and operatively connected to one yoi the puppet valves thereof; Fig. 2`is an' invertedlside elevation of the invention illustrating the means to prevent trembling of the amature; Fig. 3 is a sectional View of one end of a wind-trunk having a three-way air passage and fa compound valve therefor, the rlatter being shown operatively ,connected to the armature of the present invention; Fig. 4 is a bottom plan. View and Fig. 5 an inverted side elevation of a modification of the invention, Fig. 5 illustrating in dotted lines .the

position of the armatureand its load during energization of the magnet; F ig.l (.Sis a bottom` plan and Fig. 7 a side elevation of the invention, illustrating a device to prevent trembling of the armature and means for normally holding the valve forming the armature load in elevatedposition, Fig. 7 showing in dotted lines theposition of the armature and its load during energization of the magnet; Fig. 8 is a fragmentary sectional detail view of the form of mounting for magnet and armature employed in Figs. f1 and 5; Fig. 9 is a side'elevation of an electroemagnet, showing it mounted Within a wind-chest and illustrating a pivoted armature which at one end carries a valve and is counterbalanced by means differing from that of Figs. 6 and 7, to hold the valve in elevated position; Figs. 10 and 11 are respectively a side l'elevation and a top plan view of an electro-magnet, having a bus bar mounted on its armature and adapted, when actuated, to conduct electricity from one contact to a plurality of others; and Fig. 12 illustrates in side elevation and inverted a further modification in which actual contact between the armature and core is avoidedy while trembling of the armature is prevented.

Reference numeral 20 indicates the upper wall of a pipe organ wind-chest, to the inner side of'which is rigidly fixed an angled magnet bracket 21. Referring to Fig. 1, an electro-magnet, comprising a r spool 22, a helix 23, and a core 24C, is fixed to the outstanding end 25 0f the magnet bracket by means of a machine bolt 26, the shank of which passes through the bracket and is threaded into the end of core 24. An arma ture bracket 27 is hinged to the wall 20, preferably as at 28, behind the bracket 21. The armature bracket may be a common hinge, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, having one of its leaves bound between wall 20 and bracket 21 and having its pintle at 28; or it may comprise a leaf spring, as will be described with reference to Figs. 1. to 8 inclusive. will be seen in Fig. 1, the armature bracket 27 carries opposite edge lugs 29, which form a shaft upon which the armature 31 is pivoted. The axis of the lugs 29 is substantially that of the magnet core 24. The armature consists of a U-member which extends from the lugs 29 behind the magnet bracket to and across the forward end of the magnet. The armature bracket is of substantially the Same length as the free end 25 of the magnet bracket and has its free end slotted to receive the annularly channeled portion of an adjusting screw 32, the shank vof which is threaded into the armature bracket. Rotation of screw 32 moves the armature bracket toward or from the magnet bracket and, of course, carries the forward end of the armature farther from or nearer to the magnet core 24. This adjustability of the armature permits the application of the energy of the magnet to the armature in less or greater degree, as is desired. It also prevents a sliding contact between the'core and armature and so eliminates that friction as a force affecting the actions of the armature. An air passage 33 is provided in the wind-chest wall 20 for communication of air to a pipe not shown, and is controlled by a valve`34 mounted on anarm 35 formed on the forward portion of the armature. In. the playing of an organ, rapid and absolutely uniformv action of the pipe valves lis essential. Heretofore, in electric organs, thesefeatures have been most successfully obtained by causing the key-operated magnet to actuate a small bellows in the wind-chest, the bellows, in turn, moving the pipe' valve. By this means uniformity of action wasv secured but at the 'expense of speed, the interposition of the bellows causing a noticeable delay between the striking of the key and the sounding of the pipe. It will be lunderstood that the pipe valves of 'an organ vr'iecessarily vary slightly in weight and' thatthe cross sectional areas' of the passages 33may also vary. Each of these variations affects the speed with which the valve responds to its key. By providing' an adjustable armature to actuate the valve, I am yenabledr to bring all thepipe valvesto a uniform speed of movement, for, ifthe valve is heavy or the air presses it toits' seat very'stiiiiy because of the large crossese'cti'onal area of the air passage, the armature may be moved nearer the magnet core thus applying greater force to its opening movement; and, if tlr'evalve is very light or the air passage small the energy exerted, Aon the armature may be reduced by moving it frm the magnet. The valve 34 is ipreferably a puppet pressed against the at under surface of wall 20 and of considerably greater diameter than passageway 33 to allow travel of the valve without uncovering the air passageway during adjustment of the armature. The armature bracket is apertured to avoid contact between it and the head of bolt 26. In Fig. l theV armature 31 is shown in the position it takes during energization of the magnet, the valve being open. To return the valve normally to closed position, I employ a stud 36 formed on the edge of the armature bracket at' a distance from one of the lugs 29. About this stud is bent a spring 37 onel end of which is caught on the adjacent lugl 29, the other end passing under a fingerA 38- formed near the `forward end of the armature. Obviously, when the armature is adjusted this counterbalancin'g spring 37 moves with it. It is to be noted that screw 321' has a knurled4 portion t0 assist manipulation and that these knurled screws provide means for very rapidly bringing the -entire action bf an organ to uniformity.

Figs. 4 to 8, inclusive, and 12 illustrate a modification of the adjustable armature bracket wherein a leaf spring 39 comprising the armature bracket, is secured by one of its ends to the freeend25 of magnet bracket 21 and has its other end bent backwardly from the magnet bracket. The lugs 26 protrude from opposite sides of the spring 39 and pivotally support thearrnature. The adjusting screw32 engages a 4slot provided `in the free end of spring 39 and by its -osition controls the distance between the en of the armature andthe endV of the magnet lcre. In the use of the spring'forni of armature bracket it is not essential that thescrew 32 be 'annularly channeled, as the 'tension of the spring 39' holds the armature as close to the end of the magnet as the head "of the screw 'will permit. The stud"36,`infFigs. 4, 5, and 8, also protrude fromfoneedge of spring 39 andV carries the counterbalancing spring 37 as described above in connection* with Fig. 1. In Figs. 4, 5 land 8 the bolt 26 isA provided watv a knuffel Y1aed foi; eimvenience in assei'n'bling` the device.

Figs. 6 and T employ a modified 'form Gf armature wherein 'one leg "of the" U-"shaped armature/41 is elongated as' at 42 intol an arm for support of the valve In these figures'and in Fig; 12 the' et is mounted on' the opposite side 1 o bracket frdrn the air passageway `33an` the` armature is pivoted with itsA heavier twolegged end' on the-oppositefsideofjthe pivot lugs 29`Lfrc'1rrn1 the'valve. f In this inanneijthe heavier end ofthe armature onnti'baldies the Weightof `the valve and avoids] the: need of a clmterbalancingi such as' 37 in" Figs. 1,2,4 and `51. y

Another form of counterba'lanced arrhature is illustrated-iii :Fi 99;, whereiifthe heavier `depending end of" the' armature swi rigs `about pivot' 44, land, i tgether lwith the arr ressure below'the'walve cdnnte'rbalances t 'elwei'ght ofva-lve 34;*a'nd isaidlend 43 swin 'ng substantie l`horizontally low the -ow'er emi of thel magnet 23. In this figure the 'lowrend o the magnet core' 24 is-chamichetti as at 45; and 'the lower end 4ay nof1v che amature islupbet tu bring these augment' surfaces info proximity. The; swing q iheiiriiiauiremward chema erin Fig. 9l is limi'tefdlby Contact between Its end 43- aiid'ihe spool 22,1 this" contactarse operaiing in preveiitffhat trembling@ the ma" that is liableto occur 4when air is rus ingy 46, shown in Fi "s. 6 and 7, which protrudes into the path o movement of the armature 41 when the magnet is energized and stops the armature from swinging past the axis of the core. The attractive force of the magnet will hold the armature firmly against the rubber buffer 47 mounted on the top 46. In Fig. 2 the forward end of the magnet core 24 ispartially extended in the form of a segment 48 which overhangs they rforward end of the armature. When the magnet is energized, contact between the armature and segment 48 arrests any-trembling tendency in the armature and the valve (not shown in Fig. 2) carried thereby. Fig. 12 shows a further method of avoiding trembling in the armature land valve. In this ligure the magnet core extends considerably above the'upper endof the upstanding coil 23 and the U-shaped armature partially surrounds this bare upper end of the core. y Normally the weight of the valve just overcomes the weight of the magnet end of the armature. However, when the magnet is energized the armature is Ldrawn downward toward the coiland strikes a felt buffer 49 positioned betweenit and the top of the coil.

Figs. 10 and llare respectively'a side elevation and a top plan View of an velectric switch which ma Abe operated by the present invention. T e armature 31, pivoted at the rear of the magnet on a bracket 51 is adapted to swin across the forward end'of the magnet and as an arm 52 at its forward end on which is mounted a bus bar 53 which substantially parallels the axis on which the armature osclllates. Alined above the bar 53 are a lurality of spaced electric contact fingers, t e one numbered 54 receiving current through a wire 56 from any source of supply (not shown) and, when the magnet is energized, transmitting the current through the bus bar to all the other contact fingers 55, which, through their respective wires 57 conduct the current to any desired location in the organ.

In Fig. 3 is shown an organ wind trunk 58 having an air outlet 59 leading to the outer air from the interior of the trunk, and provided with an air duct 61 positioned at right angles to the outlet 59 and communieating therewith. The duct 61 is adapted to fill and empty an auxiliary pneumatic such as a small bellows for operatmg any desired part of a pipe-organ. The armature 31 of the device shown in Fig. 1 carries on its arm 35 a valve stem 62 which extends through the outlet 59 and carries inner and outer valves 63 and 64 respectively. When one of these valves is in contact with the end wall 65 of the wind trunk the other valve is out of contact with that wall, thus a'ording communication between the bellows (not shown) and the interior of the Wind trunk, as shown in Fig. 3, in the elevated position of the armature, connecting the said bellows with the outside air through duct 61 and outlet 59.

While I havedescribed my invention as applied to the operation of various parts of a pipe organ, it is to be observed that its utility is not limited to such work. Further, it is my desire not to be restricted to the precise construction shown in the drawings and abovedescribed, except in so far as the same is limited in the appended claims, as persons skilled in the art might devise modiiications without departing from the kspirit of the invention.

I claim:

1. The combination with an electro-mag net comprising a fixed coil and a fixed core, of an Varmature bracketk adjustable axially of the core, and an armature pivoted `at a fixed point to vthe bracket on an axis at right angles to that of the core, and traversing an end of said core. e

2.' The combination with an electro-mag-4 net comprising a fixed coil and a fixed core, of an armature bracket adjustable axially of the core, and an armature traversing an end of said core and pivoted to the bracket on an axis at right angles to the axis of the core.

3. The combination with an electro-magnet comprising a fixed coil and a fixed core, of a U-shaped armature the cross-reach of which traverses one end of the magnet and the legs of which extend on opposite sides of the magnet to the opposite end thereof, and an adjustable armature bracket positioned at said opposite end of the magnet and to which the legs of the armature are pivoted.

4. The combination with an electro-magnet comprising a fixed coil and a fixed core, of a U-shaped armature the cross reach of which traverses one end of the magnet and the legs of which extend on opposite sides of the magnet t0 the opposite end thereof, and an armature bracket positioned at said opposite end of the magnet and adjustable axially of the core thereof, the armature being pivoted to said magnet bracket on an axis at right angles to and near the axis of said core.

5. The combination with a support of a rigid magnet bracket protruding therefrom, an armature bracket positioned rearwardly of the magnet bracket, an electro-magnet ixedly secured to the magnet bracket andy projecting forwardly thereof, an armature traversing the forward end of the electro magnet and pivoted to the magnet bracket, and a set-screw threaded into the magnet bracket and being connected to the armature bracket to move it, said armature bracket being movable axially of the electro-magnet.

6. The combination with a magnet bracket, of an electro-magnet projecting therefrom,

LEONARDfD. MQ RTS.

M amm-nga 

